Novel methods to position highly arrayed nanostructures have been developed using template guided deposition methods. Current technology to synthesize vertically-ordered, self-organized nanotubes and nanorods is to use anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) or silicon (Si) nano/micro-pore templates. However, most coaxial nanotubes currently produced with nano-templates maintain three-dimensional scales close to those of the original templates. To overcome such technical barriers, we developed advanced nano-fabrication technologies to precisely control three dimensional parameters such as height, distance and thickness within atomic resolution.

Based on nano-fabrication technologies, we are developing novel platforms to revolutionize energy conversion efficiencies in photovoltaics. We are developing organic, hybrid organic-inorganic, inorganic solar cells.