Untitled Document

Thirty Years' War (1618-48)

Assimilation and Identity
Bohemia - Moravia - Silesia: borderlands
race - politics - religion

John Hus (d. 1415)

invisible church
Council of Constance (1415)
Great Schism (1378-1415)

Protestant identity
denied sacraments, saints, confession (priesthood of all believers)

Habsburg - Holy Roman Empire
HRE Matthias (d. 1618)

Triumph of Protestantism

Germany	1517	95 Theses
	1555	Peace of Augsburg (cuius regio, eius religio)
England		Henry VIII (1509-1547) Edward VI (1547-1553) Mary I (1553-1558) Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
France	1598	Edict of Nantes
Netherlands	1609	independence from Spain

Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Ignatius Loyola, Society of Jesus (Jesuits) [sources, #12.2]

Thirty Years' War
1618 - Defenestration of Prague
1648 - Peace of Westphalia

Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden

Olmütz, Moravia (1650)

	houses	habitable
noble	77	23
burgher	623	145
suburban	656	0

Population

1640	30,000
1650	1,675

Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Münster (Catholics, incl. Habsburgs and France)
Osnabrück (Protestants, incl. Sweden)

Territorial sovereignty
Land restored to whoever held it in 1624
Jus reformandi (right to religious reform)
Right to emigrate

underpopulation

New territory
Sweden - Bremen-Verden + Finland, Lapland, Pomerania
France - Rhineland
HRE - Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia
England - United Kingdom of England, Scotland and Ireland (1707)

Methods of Assimilation

suppress rival religious institutions
mandatory church attendance
infrastructure - buildings
schools

St. John Nepomuk, canonized 1729
Jacobite revolts (Scotland < James II)