Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
Bohemia - Moravia - Silesia: borderlands
race - politics - religion
John Hus (d. 1415)
Protestant identity
denied sacraments, saints, confession (priesthood of all believers)
Thirty Years' War
1618 - Defenestration of Prague
1648 - Peace of Westphalia
Habsburg - Holy Roman Empire
HRE Matthias (d. 1618)
Protestant landmarks
1517 - 95 Theses, traditional date of Reformation
1555 - Peace of Augsburg (cuius regio, eius religio [not toleration])
1598 - Edict of Nantes
1609 - Calvinist Netherlands independent from Catholic Spain
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden
Olmütz, Moravia (1650)
| houses | habitable | |
| noble | 77 | 23 |
| burgher | 623 | 145 |
| suburban | 656 | 0 |
Population
| 1640 | 30,000 |
| 1650 | 1,675 |
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Münster (Catholics, incl. Habsburgs and France)
Osnabrück (Protestants, incl. Sweden)
Building the Territorial Nation-State
Absolutism = money + power
Power = standing army
French Army
| 1610 | 20,000 soldiers |
| 1630s (vs. Spain) | 150,000 |
| 1648 | 400,000 |
Spanish Army
| 1580s (in Flanders) | 60,000 |
| 1630s (all of Europe) | 300,000 |
Swedish Army
| 1632 (invasion of HRE) | 100,000 |
Money
Colonies