Sovereignty & European Union

Iceland

• 1944 - independence (from Denmark)
• 1949 - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Economy
  • fishing
  • manufacturing
  • tourism
• Cod Wars (1950s-1970s)

Economy
GDP (gross domestic product) = monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country during a time period (year)

EU

• 27 member states
• 24 official languages

Great War (WWI, 1914-19) - Nie wieder Krieg!
lost generation

• ~ 9-11 million military deaths
• ~ 6-13 million civilian deaths
• ~ 20 million non-fatal casualties

Somme (départment in n. France)
Ypres (Belgium [Flanders])
In Flanders fields the poppies grow

1919 - Paris Peace Conference
reparations - deindustrialize

WWII (1939-45)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1948-49 - Berlin blockade & airlift
United Kingdom

economic reconstruction

• inter-governmental
• supra-national
• sovereignty

typology of economic integration

• Free Trade Area
  • no tariffs or quotas on intra FTA trade. FTA members determine their national policies with respect to nonmembers
• Customs Union
  • FTA + common trade policies toward nonmembers.  CU members determine the common trade policy and share tariff revenue
• Common Market
  • free intra-CM access in goods, services, capital, and labor. Typically involves a combination of negative and positive integration (thou shalt not; thou shalt), which determines the extent to which access is free in practice
• Single Market
  • A CM characterized by general intolerance of exceptions to market access obligations (incl. poor implementation and indirect barriers)

European Coal & Steel Cooperative
proposed 1950, ratified 1952
Robert Schuman (French foreign minister)

• France
• Germany
• Italy
• Belgium
• Netherlands
• Luxemburg

High Authority of ECSC (Luxembourg) - a Common Market

• triumph
• setback (European Defense Community)
  • federalism vs. nationalism

1957 - Treaty of Rome
"European Economic Community"

1985, Schengen (open borders)
1991-1993, Maastricht - "European Union"
1999-2002, monetary union

2017 - Brexit

Europe as a civilization

• Greece
• Rome
• Middle Ages
• Renaissance-Reformation-Enlightenment