Charlemagne

• East - Greek - Constantinople / Byzantium
• West - Latin - Rome
  • A.D. 410 - Goths
  • A.D. 455 - Vandals
  • Romulus Augustus, d. A.D. 476

I. Migrations

• 370 - 500
  • Gaul - Franks, Burgundians
  • Spain - Vandals, Visigoths
  • Italy - Ostrogoths, Lombards (post-520s)
  • Britannia - Angles, Saxons, Jutes
  • beyond Rhine - numerous, incl. Alemanni
• 800 - 1000
  • Vikings
  • Magyars
  • Muslims

II. Two Frankish dynasties

• Merovingians
  • Clovis (r. 484 - 511)
• Carolingians
  • mayors of the palace
  • Pippin "the Short" (r. 751-68)
  • Charlemagne (r. 768 - 814)

Regionalism

Literacy
Isidore, bishop of Seville, Etymologia
papyrus
parchment
in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti
in nomine Patria et Filia...
Carolingian Renaissance

Growth of national monarchy
post - A.D. 1000