A Millennium of Church History

I. Constantine (306-337) 303 - great persecution 305 - Diocletian abdicated 312 - Constantine's vision (in hoc signum vinces) 313 - Edict of Toleration 378 - Theodosius suppressed pagan sacrifices, cults

325 - Council of Nicaea
Arius (Alexandria)
Athanasius

• ousios = substance
• homo = same
• homoi = similar

Trinity - God in three Persons

1. Father
2. Son
3. Holy Spirit

orthodoxy
heresy
communion > excommunicate
Nestorius

II. Pope
bishop
Patriarchs

• Rome
• Constantinople
• Antioch
• Alexandria

Matthew 16:18-19
I say unto thee that thou art Peter
and upon this rock I will build my church;
and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven;
and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven;
and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.

Patron - Client
Lombards
Pepin "the Short" crowned by St Boniface
Charlemagne crowned by Pope Leo III (Christmas A.D. 800)

III. Age of Mutual Legitimation

1. Nicaea
   • 313 - Constantine - Edict of Toleration
   • 325 - ecumenical council
   • homo-ousios
   • homo-i-ousios
2. Nestorius (5c)
3. filioque (11c)
4. Augustine of Canterbury (ca. A.D. 600)
5. Carolingians (8c)
   • Pepin "the Short" crowned by St Boniface
   • Charlemagne crowned by Pope Leo III (Christmas A.D. 800)

Patron - Client
Lombards

IV. Conflict of Empire and Papacy

Investiture Controversy, 1077 - 1122
bishop

• elected by congregation
• confirmed by king, invested with
  • ring (spiritual)
  • staff (temporal)

Cluny - reform, post-910

• simony < Simon Magus (Acts 8)
• clerical marriage

Pope Gregory VII (1073 - 1085)
dictus papae

• the pope himself may be judged by no one
• the pope may be permitted even to depose emperors
• no bishop or abbot should receive investiture from a lay ruler

Emperor Henry IV
Concordat of Worms, 1122

• Emperor invests bishop with staff (temporal authority)
• Pope invests bishop with ring (spiritual authority)

Diplomacy

• courts
• letters
• legates

Innocent III (1198 - 1216)