Why was toleration so difficult?
Marburg Colloquy, 1529
Martin Luther
Ulrich Zwingli
John Calvin (Geneva)
Transsubstantiation
idolatry
heresy
Coronation Oath
1. Protect subjects in body and property
2. Defend the church and Christian doctrine
tyrant
Huguenot
Calvinism
martyr
regent
Catherine de Medici
Admiral Coligny
Guise (Lorraine, Catholic) | Valois (ruling dynasty) | Bourbon (peers, Huguenot) |
Duke of Guise | Henry II (d. 1559) | Henry of Navarre |
Cardinal of Lorraine | Francis II (d. 1560) | Duke of Condé |
Charles IX (d. 1574) | ||
Henry III (d. 1589) |
French Wars of Religion (1562-1594)
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
(Aug. 24, 1572)
Edict of Nantes, 1598 [sources, #12.4]
tyrannicide
regicide
Germany | 1517 | 95 Theses |
1555 | Peace of Augsburg (cuius regio, eius religio) | |
England | Henry VIII (1509-1547) Edward VI (1547-1553) Mary I (1553-1558) Elizabeth I (1558-1603) |
|
France | 1598 | Edict of Nantes |
Netherlands | 1609 | independence from Spain |
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Ignatius Loyola, Society of Jesus (Jesuits) [sources, #12.2]
Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
English Civil War (1642-1660)