Theory of the Earth

Geognosy

Taxonomy

• Carolus Linnaeus (Carl Linné), Systema naturae (10th ed., 1758)
• Buffon, Histoire naturelle (1749-88)

mineralogy

• Chemical
  • alchemy
  • Paracelsus (16c)
  • J.-B. Van Helmont (17c)
  • James Dwight Dana (19c)
• Mechanical
  • Descartes, Le Monde (1633)
  • Rob't Boyle (1627-91)
  • Rob't Hooke (1635-1702)
  • Nicolas Steno (1638-86) > Leibniz (1646-1717)

Aqueous causes
Neptunism

precipitation

• primary
  • granite, gneiss, mica
• secondary
  • sandstone, limestone
• tertiary
  • gravels

Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749-1817)
Freiberg (Saxony) - Bergakademie, 1767
Carpathian mtns.

• Alexander von Humboldt, Geognostical Essay on the Superposition of Rocks in Both Hemispheres
• Leopold von Buch

Igneous causes
Vulcanism

• James Hutton